Geopolitics is the study of the influence of geographic factors on international relations and global policy. Global power dynamics include crucial changes in the international order that often occur as a result of economic, political and military shifts. In the modern era, globalization, information technology, and climate change are accelerating interactions between countries, shaping the way diplomacy and conflict are understood. One important aspect of geopolitics is the distribution of natural resources. Countries with energy reserves such as oil and gas have a stronger position in the global arena. For example, OPEC member countries are able to influence world oil prices and, therefore, global economic stability. Tensions in regions such as the Middle East often relate to competition for control of these resources. Global power dynamics can also be seen in the rise of large countries such as China and India. Rapid economic growth has made China one of the main players that can compete with the power of the United States. Through the Belt and Road Initiative, China is investing in global infrastructure, expanding its influence in Asia, Africa and Europe. This raises concerns among western countries about economic and political dependence. On the other hand, the US continues to remain as the dominant power with a wide web of military alliances, such as NATO. Despite its undoubted military might, the US faces new challenges from growing anti-globalization movements and populism at home and abroad. Countries such as Russia appear to be actively pursuing aggressive foreign policies, as in Ukraine, with the aim of restoring lost post-Cold War influence. Technological transformation is also a determining factor in geopolitics. Cyber warfare and information warfare have become new methods of pitting forces against one another. Countries are now racing to develop innovative technologies, including artificial intelligence and cyber capabilities that can be used in defense strategies. Control over data and information is increasingly becoming a weapon in this digital era, influencing public opinion and responses to government policies. Geopolitics also includes environmental issues that are now of international concern. Climate change triggers mass migration and social instability that can trigger conflict. Countries are trying to adapt to new international regulations introduced through agreements such as the Paris Agreement. An inability to address these environmental issues could result in significant disruption and affect global power dynamics. International trade and market shifts also play an important role in geopolitics. The trade war between the US and China is a clear example of how economic conflict can change the landscape of international relations. Economic sanctions, tariffs and new trade arrangements could create tensions and create new power blocs around the world. In this context, international organizations such as the UN, WTO and ASEAN play an important role in resolving conflicts and supporting peace. However, their relevance is questioned when great powers often violate international norms to serve their respective national interests. Diplomacy, negotiation and multilateral cooperation are becoming increasingly important to overcome the complex challenges in today’s world. Countries’ attitudes towards these issues will continue to shape global power dynamics. As international relations become increasingly complex, a deep understanding of geopolitics will be key for leaders and policymakers in determining the right direction and strategy for the global future.